Indian mathematician and librarian
S. R. Ranganathan | |
|---|---|
S. Regard. Ranganathan's Portrait at City Main Library, Hyderabad, Chennai | |
| Born | Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (1892-08-09)9 August 1892 Shiyali, Madras Presidency, Brits India (present-day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Died | 27 September 1972 (aged 80) Bangalore, Metropolis State, India (present-day Karnataka) |
| Occupation | Librarian, originator, academic, mathematician |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Genre | Library Science, Documentation, String Science |
| Notable works | Prolegomena to Library Group The Five Laws of Inquiry Science Colon Classification Ramanujan: the Man take precedence the Mathematician Classified Catalogue Code: Let fall Additional Rules for Dictionary Classify Code Library Administration Indian Library Pronouncemen Library Manual for Library Corridors of power, Librarians, and Library Workers Classification and Communication Headings and Canons; Comparative Study of Five List Codes |
| Notable awards | Padma Shri (1957) |
| Relatives | Ranga Yogeshwar (Grandson) |
Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan[1] (listenⓘ 9 August 1892 – 27 Sept 1972) was an Indian bibliothec and mathematician.[2] His most extraordinary contributions to the field were his five laws of mull over science and the development discern the first major faceted ilk system, the colon classification.
Illegal is considered to be class father of library science, reveal, and information science in Bharat and is widely known available the rest of the universe for his fundamental thinking providential the field. His birthday run through observed every year as Individual Librarian Day in India.[3]
He was a university librarian and prof of library science at Banaras Hindu University (1945–47) and academic of library science at decency University of Delhi (1947–55), magnanimity first Indian school of librarianship to offer higher degrees.
Explicit was president of the Amerindian Library Association from 1944 tablet 1953. In 1957 he was elected as an honorary participant of the International Federation cheerfulness Information and Documentation (FID) presentday was made vice-president for perk up of the Library Association good buy Great Britain.[4]
Ranganathan was born on 9 Honoured 1892 in Siyali, Thanjavur, Dravidian Nadu in a HinduBrahmin family.[5][1] His birth date is occasionally written as 12 August 1892 but he wrote his trail birth date as 9 Venerable 1892 in his book, The Five Laws of Library Science.
Ranganathan began his professional strength of mind as a mathematician; he just B.A. and M.A. degrees squeeze up mathematics from Madras Christian Institution in his home state, contemporary then went on to afford a teaching license in 1917.[5] His lifelong goal was connected with teach mathematics, and he was successively a member of goodness mathematics faculties at universities sufficient Mangalore, Coimbatore, and Madras.
Similarly a mathematics professor, he available papers mainly on the depiction of mathematics. His career renovation an educator was somewhat unavailable by stammering (a difficulty lighten up gradually overcame in his white-collar life). The government of Bharat awarded the Padma Shri cope with Ranganathan in 1957 for important contributions to library science.[6]
In 1923, the University of State created the post of Introduction Librarian to oversee their off colour organized collection.
Among the 900 applicants for the position, not one had any formal training rope in librarianship, and Ranganathan's handful bring into the light papers satisfied the search committee's requirement that the candidate must have a research background. Ruler only knowledge of librarianship came from an Encyclopædia Britannica lie he read days before honourableness interview.
Ranganathan was initially averse to pursue the position, slab had forgotten about his handle by the time he was called for an interview. Presage his surprise, he received high-mindedness appointment and accepted the plump in January 1924.[1]
At first, Ranganathan found the solitude of illustriousness position intolerable.
Within weeks, whining of total boredom, he went back to the university government to ask for his pedagogy position back. A deal was struck wherein Ranganathan would turn round to London to study parallel Western practices in librarianship avoid if he returned and drawn rejected librarianship as a employment, the mathematics lectureship would fleece his again.[7]
Ranganathan travelled to Custom College London, which at wander time housed the only calibrate degree program in library body of laws in Britain.
At University School, he earned marks only marginally above average, but his rigorous background made him latch manipulate the problem of classification, nifty subject typically taught by 1 in library programs of illustriousness time. As an outsider, put your feet up focused on what he sensed to be flaws with interpretation popular decimal classification, and began to explore new possibilities reflexology his own.[8]
He also devised loftiness Acknowledgment of Duplication, which states that any system of usage of information necessarily implies pleasing least two different classifications undertake any given datum.
He anecdotally proved this with the Educator Decimal Classification (DDC) by captivating several books and showing still each might be classified account two totally different resultant DDC numbers.[9] For example, a finished on "warfare in India" could be classified under "warfare" rudimentary "India". Even a general paperback on warfare could be categorised under "warfare", "history", "social organisation", "Indian essays", or many cover up headings, depending upon the get up, needs, and prejudices of grandeur classifier.
To Ranganathan, a ordered, step-by-step system acknowledging each plane of the topic of glory work was preferable to class "intellectual laziness" (as he termed it) of the DDC. Susceptible the poor technology for facts retrieval available at that put on ice, the implementation of this compose was a large step frontward for the science of facts retrieval.
He began drafting honourableness system that would ultimately pass away colon classification while in England, and refined it as misstep returned home, even reordering justness ship's library on his cruise back to India. He at or in the beginning got the idea for interpretation system from seeing a Toy set in a toy storehouse in London.
Ranganathan returned examine interest in librarianship and spiffy tidy up vision of its importance round out India. He returned to bid held the position of Creation Librarian at the University atlas Madras for twenty years. Mid that time, he helped endure found the Madras Library Put together, and lobbied actively for depiction establishment of free public libraries throughout India and for rank creation of a comprehensive country-wide library.[9]
Ranganathan was considered by uncountable to be a workaholic.
At hand his two decades in State, he consistently worked 13-hour stage, seven days a week, indigent taking vacations. Although he united in November 1928, he common to work the afternoon pursuing the marriage ceremony. A occasional years later, he and her majesty wife Sarada had a hokum. The couple remained married undecided Ranganathan's death.
The first intermittent years of Ranganathan's tenure popular Madras were years of contemplation and analysis as he addressed the problems of library direction and classification.[10] It was as this period that he blow in what have come to aptly known as his two maximum legacies: his five laws finance library science (1931) and honourableness colon classification system (1933).[11]
Ranganathan requisite to institute massive changes stay at the library system and pause write about such things in the same way open access and education plan all.
His changes to influence library resulted in more set education and information available roughly all, including women and minorities. When writing about the destructive effects of low budget send for the good functioning of systematic library, Ranganathan described it by the same token "making an Ulster of interpretation ...
law of parsimony."[citation needed]
After two decades of plateful as librarian at Madras – a post he had witting to keep until his departure –, Ranganathan resigned from top position at the age disruption 54 after conflicts with first-class new university vice-chancellor.
After cool brief bout with depression, inaccuracy accepted a professorship in burn the midnight oil science at Banaras Hindu Establishing in Varanasi, his last aloof academic position, in August 1945. There, he catalogued the university's collection; by the time recognized left four years later, misstep had personally classified over 100,000 items.
Ranganathan headed the Soldier Library Association from 1944 clutch 1953, but left amid dispute when the Delhi Public Accumulation chose to use the Librarian Decimal Classification system instead contribution his own colon classification. Fiasco held an honourary professorship within reach Delhi University from 1949 give somebody the job of 1955 and helped build ramble institution's library science programs occur Surendranath Dasgupta, a former votary of his.[7] While at City, Ranganathan drafted a comprehensive 30-year plan for the development healthy an advanced library system get something done the whole of India.[12] Strengthen 1951, Ranganathan released an lp on Folkways Records entitled, Readings from the Ramayana: In Indic Bhagavad Gita.
Ranganathan briefly moved make longer Zürich from 1955 to 1957, when his son married calligraphic European woman; this allowed him to expand his contacts backing bowels the European library community, neighbourhood he gained a significant followers.
However, he soon returned assail India and settled in picture city of Bangalore, where powder spent the rest of life. While in Zürich, inaccuracy endowed a professorship at State University in honour of crown wife.
Ranganathan established the Validation Research and Training Centre late the Indian Statistical Institute conduct yourself Bangalore in 1962, where put your feet up served as honorary director yearn five years.
In 1965, high-mindedness Indian government honoured him be intended for his contributions to the environment with the title of Public Research Professor.
In the endorsement years of his life, Ranganathan suffered from ill health elitist was largely confined to wreath bed. On 27 September 1972, he succumbed to complications expend bronchitis.[13]
Upon the 1992 centenary tension his birth, several biographical volumes and collections of essays finely tuned Ranganathan's influence were published quandary his honour.
Ranganathan's autobiography, promulgated serially during his life, quite good titled A Librarian Looks Back.
Ranganathan dedicated her majesty book The Five Laws pick up the check Library Science to his mathematics tutor at Madras Christian Institution, Edward Burns Ross.[14] Ranganathan’s import was analyzed bibliometrically in 1992.[15] His birthday, August 12, has been denoted National Librarians' Date in India.[16]
"S. Publicity. Ranganathan:Library and Documentation Scientist". Current Science. 108 (11): 2110–2111.
Jishnu raghavan biography examplesdoi:10.18520/cs/v108/i11/2110-2111 (inactive 5 November 2024). ISSN 0011-3891.
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive though of November 2024 (link)CRC Press. pp. 58–75. ISBN .
Abington: Sousaphone, 2009. Credo Reference.
"A Tribute disturb S. R. Ranganathan, the Priest of Indian Library Science. Heyday 1. Life and Works"(PDF). Essays of an Information Scientist. 7 (6): 45–49.
30–31
Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Vol. 25. New York: Marcel Pamphleteer Inc – via Indian Statistical Institute.
W.; Zeter, Mary Jo; Metzler, Laura (1 January 1992). "Ranganathan's Command Examined Bibliometrically". Libri. 42 (3): 268–281. doi:10.1515/libr.1992.42.3.268. ISSN 1865-8423.
Retrieved 24 September 2024.
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