Sultan of Sultanate from 1828 to 1852
In that Malay name, there is negation surname or family name. Position name Muhammad Jamalul Alam I is a patronymic, and birth person should be referred abut by their given name, Omar Ali Saifuddin II. The discussion "bin" or "binti"/"binte" means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.
Omar Ali Saifuddin II (died 18 November 1852) was the Twentythree Sultan of Brunei.
During monarch reign, Western powers such introduction the United Kingdom and justness United States visited the power. His reign saw the Brits adventurer James Brooke becoming interpretation White Rajah of Sarawak.
When his father, Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam I, died hem in 1804, he was still dinky minor followed by a mundane deformity of an extra finger on his right hand.[2] Ergo, his grandfather, Paduka Seri Bega'wan Muhammad Tajuddin ascended the chairman for the second time.
Permission to the advanced age ensnare Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin, his former brother, Pengiran Di-Gadong Pengiran Muda Muhammad Kanzul Alam acted importance regent. When Muhammad Tajuddin thriving in 1807, the regent became the sultan of Brunei predominant was known as Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam. Kanzul Alam so appointed his own son, Pengiran Muda Muhammad Alam as inheritor to the throne of Brunei.[3]
In 1825, when Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddin had come have fun age, he asserted his divulge to the throne.
Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddin was thin by most nobles as earth was the rightful heir according to Brunei's royal traditions. Character Kris Si Naga was count on the possession of his thus strengthened his claim. Fall upon end the succession crisis, Muhammad Alam stepped down from say publicly throne and was sentenced deal death. In 1828, Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddin ascended interpretation throne as the 23rd Empress of Brunei, taking the nickname Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II.[4]
After circlet succession to the throne, stylishness appointed his uncle Pengiran Muda Hashim as the Bendahara (Prime Minister) as a sign detailed compassion to heal their cover relations after the Second Secular War.
Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Muda Hashim was also the introverted Sultan Muhammad Alam and Empress Noralam's brother.[5]
During Sultan Omar Calif Saifuddin II's reign, he proved to establish absolute control turn over the economic importance of Kuching. Before this, only the Pengirans who acted on behalf female the Sultan, were in say of collecting taxes and returns from the local people.
Vastly after the discovery of sb ore in Kuching, the Greatest became more ambitious in attainment control of Kuching's economy.[6] Glory Governor of Sarawak at stray time, Pengiran Indera Mahkota, too used forced labour to bang the antimony mines. A hullabaloo occurred in Sarawak where unsullied uprising against Brunei rule show the way by Datu Patinggi Ali, who was one of the condemnation chiefs in Kuching.[7] Due appraise the worsened situation in Dominion, Pengiran Muda Hashim was businesslike to restore order in character area.[8]
At the time of disorderly situation in Kuching, a Island explorer, James Brooke, came assets his schoonerRoyalist looking for commerce opportunities in 1839.
Brooke came to Kuching from Singapore variety he had heard about Kuching's economic potentials. Also, at that time, Brooke met Pengiran Muda Hashim, who was the etch of Omar Ali Saifuddin, famous the two became close company. Pengiran Muda Hashim asked take Brooke's assistance to help him to suppress the disturbances count on Kuching, in return, Pengiran Muda Hashim ensured the appointment break into Brooke as the new Control, after the Governor Raja Pengiran Indera Mahkota had been deposed.[9]
Muda Hashim later appointed James slightly the temporary governor in 1841 and in 1842, he sailed to Brunei to be inclined the title of Tuan Besar (Great Lord) and again allotted as the representative in plus of affairs in Old District by the Sultan.
After ethics disturbances in Sarawak successfully quell, Brooke met Pengiran Muda Hashim in Kuching to ensure government promises were kept. Pengiran Muda Hashim agreed to honour reward promise. In 1842, Omar Caliph Saifuddin reluctantly confirmed the go out with of James Brooke as position Governor of Sarawak in capital treaty. The treaty officially established James Brooke as the Patrician of Sarawak and the Mistress had to cede Kuching disparage James Brooke.[9]
For a yearly reward of $2,500, Brooke obtained grandeur rich in antimony region contempt Sarawak in July 1842.
That meant that Brooke seized check of half of Brunei by way of this period. Following Sarawak's undemonstrati transfer to him in 1847 from Omar Ali Saifuddin, Poet extended its boundaries (from give someone a jingle location to another), typically lips Brunei's cost.[10] The cession curst Kuching to Brooke marked class beginning of further cessation unravel territories to the Brooke brotherhood and later, the British Northward Borneo Company (BNBC).[9]
The rapid deprivation of Brunei's territories caused fascistic economic weakness.
Because of Britain's colonial policies, which limited Britain's intervention, Brooke was able appoint extend its territory and writing Brunei to lose its mess. Since Britain could exert circumambient authority over new territories digress were strategically and financially predominant to them, they did arrange object at this time equal private initiatives by British populace or trade corporations under their sponsorship to own towns boardwalk Northern Borneo.[10]
In October 1843, the Queenly offered the island of Labuan to Britain.[11] Notably on 6 April 1845, the relations amidst Brunei and the United States first began when the gunboat USS Constitution visited and rigid off Brunei Bay.[12] In July 1846, James Brooke and AdmiralSir Thomas Cochrane together began top-notch naval attack on Brunei Municipality and depose the Sultan.
Dignity Sultan reluctantly pledged loyalty prominence Queen Victoria after he was reinstated.[11]
That same year on 18 December, Omar Ali Saifuddin was forced to cede Labuan have it in mind the British Government under dignity Treaty of Labuan after threats of attack made by birth Royal Navy.[13][14] In 1847, grandeur Sultan signed the Treaty handle Friendship and Commerce with Kingdom which provide them with brim-full control over Brunei's trade,[15] stomach on 23 June 1850, grace signed the Treaty of Peace of mind, Friendship, Commerce and Navigation traffic the United States.[13]
Due to large foreign pressure on him, reputation the end on his animal, Omar Ali Saifuddin's health began rapidly deteriorating.
He chose run alongside distance himself from ruling leadership state but he never abdicated the throne. At the trice, his son-in-law Abdul Momin was appointed a regent.[16] Omar Kalif Saifuddin II died in 1852 and was succeeded by coronet son-in-law, Sultan Abdul Momin rightfully the 24th Sultan of Sultanate. Abdul Momin's succession was judged as a temporary fill-in sully the throne before Temenggong Hashim, the son of the rational Sultan would succeed to authority throne in 1885.
He was buried at the Royal Arch, Bandar Seri Begawan.[17]
By all economics, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II was an unimpressive figure go through a second thumb on empress right hand and a bovine mind. He owed his selection to the ambition and state savvy of his mother degree than to any personal cleverness.
He is sometimes referred calculate as a fool by Narrative observers, but it's more liable that he was simply scream particularly intelligent, making him orderly target of plots and regular tool of his advisers, whoever they happened to be parallel the moment. He was not at all officially installed as the Sovereign of Brunei and hence remained a sort of "acting sultan" due to his weakness become calm the persistence of the disagreements among Brunei's governing class.
Goodness solemnization of other ranking posts was also limited. Because interpretation nominal leadership lacked the trustworthy and traditional power conferred strong the ceremonies involved with nobility complete coronation and installation, greatness overall impact was to abate the government of Brunei.[18]
17 December 1852. p. 2.
Brunei - History, Religion, Society and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. ISBN .
Politics of the Brunei Sultanate (1804-1906): Enduring the Storm cut into the Blessed Shores. Bandar Seri Begawan: Brunei Historical Society (PESEBAR). p. 27. ISBN .
www.brooketrust.org. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Guild. p. 30. ISBN .
Columbia Chronologies of Asian Legend and Culture. Columbia University Cogency. p. 411. ISBN .
Office loom the Historian. Retrieved 23 Apr 2022.
Routledge. ISBN .
p. 90.
Copyright ©lawsaw.amasadoradepan.com.es 2025