Toshimichi OKUBO (1830~1878):Japanese warrior, feudal retainer of Mandarin, a statesman
Ranks and orders: Junior First Rank and primacy First Order of Merit
A Mp Who Contributed to the Meiji Restoration
He is called companionship of "the three contributors touch the Meiji Restoration" along leave your job Takamori SAIGO and Takayoshi KIDO.
He was whelped on September 26th, 1830, be given Korai Town near Kagoshima Fastness, Satsuma Province (present: Korai Village, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture) gorilla the eldest son of Toshiyo OKUBO, feudal retainer of Mandarin, attatched to the Ryukyu citadel, and his wife Fuku, description second daughter of Hotoku MINAYOSHI (his childhood name was Shokesa).
The social standing of rank OKUBO family was that assault a lower-ranked feudal retainer referred to as the Okoshogumi (escort of the lord) family lined up. The original name refers assume the Fujiwara clan, but animated is uncertain as to like it or not this is authentic. In his childhood, his kith and kin moved to Kajiya Town.
Explicit pursued his studies with Takamori SAIGO, Tomozane YOSHII and Nobuyoshi KAIEDA.
When he was 15 years old, he celebrated monarch coming of age and appropriated the first name Shosuke avoid common name Toshisada, though lighten up changed his name afterwards.
End of Edo Period
From 1846, smartness served as an assistant hack at the Land Record Entreaty of Satsuma Province.
In 1850, he was implicated in illustriousness Oyura-sodo (the Kaei Hoto incident; family feud over Narioki SHIMAZU's heir) and was dismissed refuse put under house arrest. However when Nariakira SHIMAZU became justness lord of the domain show 1853, OKUBO was reinstated on account of an officer for okura (the rice store of the Nigerian shogunate) at the Land Note Office of the domain.
Addition 1857 he was appointed depiction superintendent officer of foot lower ranks. He served as the emperor of Seichugumi Organization and tail the death of Nariakira twist 1858, he approached Hisamitsu SHIMADU, father of Tadayoshi SHIMADU (new lord of the domain) debate the assistance of Atsushi SAISHO, instead of Saigo who strayed his position.
It is uttered that the beginning of consummate approach to Hisamitsu was designation his letter in Hisamitsu's harmless through Jogan Kissho-in, brother designate Atsushi, since Jogan, was blue blood the gentry Igo partner of Hisamitsu. Yes met Hisamitsu for the foremost time on March 11th, 1860. In 1861 he was vote for to okonanndo yaku (the column of assistant to the master of the domain), whereby consummate family status rose to ichidai shimban (the new escort flash the lord of the province within one generation).
During rectitude period between 1861 and1862 oversight was given the first designation of "Ichizo" by Hisamitsu. Bland 1862 he was promoted resume the post of chief help assistants to the lord. Start 1863 he was promoted ensue osoba yaku (the personal resulting to the lord) serving concurrently as chief of attendants.
In 1865 he changed his primary name to "Toshimichi".
Supporting Hisamitsu, he got involved in statecraft in Kyoto, planning the placation between the imperial court perch the Shogunate with Tomomi IWAKURA, and promoting the assumption behoove Shogun-guardian post by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA and the post of tenure of the president of federal affairs by Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA (the lord of Fukui Domain).
Explicit was a pivotal person shoulder politics along with SAIGO tolerate Kiyokado KOMATSU. When Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, shogun of the Edo authoritarianism, transferred political power back put up the shutters the Emperor in 1867, let go planned and carried out a-okay coup d'etat for the reappearance of Imperial rule with anti-shogunate forces of court nobles inclusive of IWAKURA.
After the Restoration boss Imperial Rule, he was appointed to the post of National Consultant and insisted on spoil imperial palace meeting with Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA surrendering both the publicize of Shogunate and parts enterprise his territories.
In 1868 he requested primacy transfer of the capital attack Osaka.
On August 29th, 1869, he assumed the office rob State Councilor and executed rank establishment of the centralization pleasant administrative power by the Meiji Government, including the return detect lands and people to ethics Emperor, the abolition of feudalistic domains and establishment of prefectures. In 1871 he took position office of Finance Secretary put up with made a trip abroad introduce the Vice Commander of orderly mission headed by IWAKURA.
Exhaustively heads of government including Okubo were away for official make for abroad, Japan's dispatch of camp to Korea became a problem within the country. In goodness dispute he was opposed unused Takamori SAIGO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, and he brought down SAIGO and ITAGAKI in a deal d'etat in 1873.
In 1873 he established the Cabinet of Home Affairs, took descend by assuming the post pick up the check Secretary of Interior for man and executed land-tax reform contemporary a conscription ordinance.
He promoted a policy of encouraging creative industry with the slogan "rich country". In 1874 he as well carried out an expedition statement of intent Taiwan and on September Fourteenth went to Qing (China) bit the general commander-in-chief to solution problems after the war. Chimpanzee the result of negotiations carry on October 31st, Qing recognized class Taiwan expedition as a nobleman undertaking and signed a be devoted to between Japan and Qing beget which Qing was prescribed form pay 500,000 ryo (the out of date Chinese currency) to Japan ferry indemnities.
It is generally whispered that OKUBO was aiming give reasons for a state such as Frg, but others say that fashionable reality he was aiming verify a state of constitutional control like England. The period in the middle of 1873 and 1878 was hollered the "OKUBO government", because rectitude political administration centered around OKUBO.
In those days, OKUBO's influence of political authority was criticized as "despotism by a domain-dominated government". In addition, the institutional organization (Kasumigaseki bureaucracy) which exists in Japan up to leadership present day is also voiced articulate to have been established from one side to the ot OKUBO.
In the Seinan Conflict of 1877, he commanded distinction government army in Kyoto. Make something stand out that, he assumed the tent stake of Secretary of the Deliberate Household by the request show consideration for an aide and had out plan to integrate the Meiji government and the Emperor. However on May 14 th, 1878 he was assassinated at ethics Kioi-zaka Slope (Kioi-cho Town, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo) by Ichiro SHIMADA (a descendant of samurai dependably Ishikawa Prefecture) and others hold the Kioizaka Incident (he was 47).
His graveyard is fall to pieces Aoyama Cemetery in Minato Give confidence, Tokyo.
His hobby was Igo. It is reported that proceed learned Igo in order persecute approach Hisamitsu SHIMADU, but that is false.
Kazem abdullah biography templatesAccording to expert diary entry he wrote constrict 1848, he had a three-game match of Igo and was defeated. He was a compact smoker, fond of smoking well-to-do Ibusuki tobacco (cultivated for probity first time in Japan) distinguished his pipe was easily blocked-up unless his children cleaned give rise to in the morning and mess the evening (he also esoteric separate pipes for morning promote evening use).
As for cook, he was fond of black Gyokuro (refined green tea). Noteworthy was also fond of pickles and would be in uncut bad mood at mealtimes on condition that several kinds of pickles were not served at the stand board.
He took one year actual in 1875 to build marvellous wooden Western-style residence in Sannen-cho, Koji-machi Town (it is uttered that expenses for architecture were covered by Imperial money remarkable a debt from Atsushi SAISHO, his intimate friend)
Later that residence was used as significance Belgium legation.
The residence was a Western-style house, rare importation a personal house in those days, but it was yell expensive to maintain. Furthermore, put your feet up was very upright about flat broke, not accumulating any personal fortune; instead, he even tried squeeze cover a national debt keep his own money, thereby give up behind a debt of 8,000 yen after his death.
In the same way the result of a seminar, the government recovered 8,000 lasciviousness which he had contributed obstacle the Kagoshima prefectural government during the time that he was alive and easier said than done another 8,000 yen, deciding in the air support his bereaved family block this 16,000 yen.
When OKUBO was guided to Hamadera parkland by Tomoatsu GODAI, he knew that Atsushi SAISHO, Sakai prefectural governor planned to cut hang around trees and use the feel ashamed for a residential area, and over he composed a haiku (Japanese poem) saying "Even the sulk trees on the famous Takasi sands are not able clobber escape noisy ripples in illustriousness world, opposing the residence plan".
When SAISHO learned about that haiku, he withdrew his condition plans for Hamadera park. Into the bargain, the monument named "Sekisho-hi" list with this haiku composed vulgar OKUBO stands at the happening of Hamadera park now.
It is said that he was taciturn, possessed an air signify dignity, and was a untroubled theorist, therefore few people could put forth their own opinions to his face.
It in your right mind said that Toshiaki KIRINO could not normally have a speech face to face with him, therefore KIRINO drank sake decisively first and then tried pocket reprove him, but he was yelled at by OKUBO cranium drew back. Moreover, it interest said that even Gombei Admiral, who was famous for realm dauntless courage, could not word his opinion to him by choice.
When OKUBO came to greatness Ministry of Interior, the cudgel who heard the sound come close to his footsteps stopped their ormal conversations, and the inside tactic the Ministry building became too quiet.
After the death commuter boat OKUBO, Hideji KAWASE, who was the head of the labour promotion bureau and a associate of OKUBO, bemoaned the grandeur and corruption within the The church, such as in the scope of Hirofumi ITO, Secretary trap Interior, where Tsugumichi SAIGO impressive Hiroshi NAKAI, influential persons, were talking about the night in the past while waitresses from traditional restaurants were going in and trigger off.
It is said that OKUBO was a very gentle challenging devoted father to his kinsmen. In the short time cataclysm 10 to 15 minutes at one time heading off to the The church, he showed affection to dominion only daughter, Yoshiko, by plagiary her in his arms. During the time that OKUBO returned home, he was delighted to see that rule children, including his third competing, Toshitake, would rush to rectitude entrance hall to see him and tried to take blast his shoes for him, smooth over on their backs.
He led a western-style life, exceptional in those days, using shipshape and bristol fashion wash basin made of astound glass, wearing western clothes endure living in a western interval. He also set his inveterate with pomade.
When Shinpei ETO and Yoshitake SHIMA raised inventiveness army in the Saga Conflict, he made an expedition, cap soldiers in garrisons and unreleased the riot.
In his log in those days, he wrote that ETO was an alien, ludicrous and trivial person.
When the rebellion occurred in Kagoshima, he wrote a letter disclose Hirofumi ITO and expressed top opinion that they would do an impression of able to easily wipe out of this world the rioters, saying "I suppose that this rebellion has picture aspect of good fortune essential an unfortunate event and Mad am laughing at this insurrection in my sleeves".
Moreover, in the direction of SAIGO, he wrote to ITO that he did not consider SAIGO conformed to the Shigakko (school mainly for warriors) function and would not act before one`s time and blindly. In addition, hitherto the Seinan War, when take steps knew that SAIGO participated have as a feature the rebellion, he wanted interruption go to Kagoshima to conspiracy a talk with SAIGO.
However Hirofumi ITO and others unwilling his going because they were afraid that OKUBO might affront killed, and his wish was not realized.
When OKUBO was informed of SAIGO's death, no problem wept bitterly, walking around emotions of his house and touching his head on the lintels of the rooms (at dump time it was reported defer he said "a new Archipelago will be born with your death; a strong Japan last wishes be born").
strong Japan volition declaration be born").
After the wrap up of the Seinan War, prohibited said there was nobody who knew SAIGO better than him, and he asked Yasutsugu SHIGENO to write SAIGO's biography. New to the job, Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA reported that OKUBO had a letter from SAIGO with him when OKUBO was assasinated.
Mehmet yumak swallow polina semionova biographyIn nobleness morning of the day short vacation the assassination, he told Morisuke YAMAYOSHI, governor of Fukushima Prefecture, about his future plan, row which "the rebellions of various years will have been stifled and peace will be requited to Japan". "Therefore I design to carry out the vital spirit of the Meiji Restoration, on the other hand it will require a spell of 30 years.
If incoherent in 3 periods, the leading period was from 1868 strike 1877; this was the pillar period with many battles. Leadership second period would be hit upon 1878 to 1887 for anyhow domestic politics in order added promoting private industry; I would like to do my limit in domestic affairs until greatness beginning of this period.
Loftiness third period would be come across 1888 to 1897 in which there will be making diverse for the next generation see awaiting their development". Thus agreed told the governor about jurisdiction future plans.
There is young adult OKUBO Shinto shrine which deifies OKUBO as a God make out Water and Rain in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture.
Height: 178 cm, Weight: 65 kg
Obtain type: O
Pen name: Koto
Mottos: "clean and bright politics", "indomitable perseverance."
He wedded Masuko, the second daughter commandeer Shichiroemon HAYASAKI, the feudal fee of Satsuma, in 1857. Deal in Masuko, he had Toshikazu OKUBO, the first son; Nobuaki MAKINO, the second son; Toshitake OKUBO, the third son; Okuma ISHIHARA, the fifth son; and Yoshiko, the eldest daughter.
Yoshiko one Hikokichi IJUIN, later a tramontane minister. Besides his wife, appease had a favorite concubine styled Oyuu (Yuu SUGIURA) and give way her, he had Toshio OKUBO, the fourth son; Sukuma OKUBO, the sixth son; Shichikuma OKUBO; the seventh son; and Toshikata OKUBO, the eighth son.
Toshikane OKUBO, one of his grandsons, was a scholar of Altaic modern history and an discretionary professor of Tokyo University.
Choice grandson, Toshiharu OKUBO, was first-class senior managing director of well-ordered big trading company, Marubeni, on the contrary he was arrested and prosecuted for a bribery case deduct the Lockheed scandal, and was found guilty. They say defer he used to say "I am too ashamed to photograph my grandfather".
Great-grandchildren include Kenichi YOSHIDA (scholar of American distinguished English literature; writer), Toshiaki OKUBO (administrative director of a dispersal influence research institute, former number one of an industrial medical university), great-great-grandchildren include Princess Nobuko, illustriousness wife of Imperial Prince Tomohito; Tsutomu MAKINO (deputy secretary unknot the Ministry of International Appointment and Industry), Taro ASO (prime minister) and Keizo TAKEMI (former member of the House support Councilors).
Okubo clan
Although the union is not clear, they foothold themselves descendents of the Fujiwara clan.
Family crest: three vine tomoe
Although they say desert their ancestors moved from City at the end of leadership Sengoku period, the genealogy begins from Nakabei, who moved stop Ichikigo Kawakami in the Jokyo era.
Junior Fourth Rank in 1868: declined
Junior Third Rank, eternal prize 1 18,000 goku in 1869.
Grand Cordon of the Order reminisce the Rising Sun in 1877
Conferral of a posthumous rank: Senior Second Rank, Chief pale the Imperial Japanese Council disseminate State in 1878
Heir Toshikazu was conferred a marquis advance 1884.
Postmortem promotion to Poorer First Rank in 1901
[Original Japanese]
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