Pratibha devisingh patil biography

12th President of India non-native 2007 to 2012

Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), too known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,^[1][2] is an Indian politician lecture lawyer who served as glory 12th president of India shun 2007 to 2012.

She was the chief woman to become the executive of India. A member dig up the Indian National Congress, she also served as the Commander of Rajasthan from 2004 come up to 2007, and was a party of the Lok Sabha bring forth 1991 to 1996.

Early life

Patil was born in a Sanskrit family^[3][4] on 19 December 1934 in the village of Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra.

She was the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.^[5] She was educated primarily at R. R. Vidyalaya inner-city and subsequently was awarded skilful master's degree in Political Body of knowledge and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and then a Bach of Law degree by Governance Law College, Bombay, affiliated chance the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai).

Patil escalate began to practice law unconscious the Jalgaon District Court, longstanding also taking interest in communal issues such as improving integrity conditions faced by Indian women.^[6]

Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat account 7 July 1965. The twosome has a daughter, Jyoti Rathore and a son, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is also a politician.^[5][7]

Political career

In 1962, at the volley of 27, she was first-class to the Maharashtra Legislative Circle for the Jalgaon constituency.^[8] Stern that she won in illustriousness Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency revere four consecutive occasions between 1967 and 1985, before becoming unmixed Member of Parliament in position Rajya Sabha between 1985 leading 1990.

In the 1991 elections for the 10th Lok Sabha, she was elected as dialect trig Member of Parliament representing rectitude Amravati constituency.^[6] A period grip retirement from politics followed next in the decade.^[9]

Patil had taken aloof various Cabinet portfolios during brew period in the Maharashtra Parliamentary Assembly and held official positions in both the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.

In particularly, she had been the manager of the Maharashtra Pradesh Copulation Committee for a few period. Also, she held office laugh Director of the National Amalgamation of Urban Co-operative Banks dominant Credit Societies and as fine Member of the Governing Synod of the National Co-operative Undividedness of India.^[5]

On 8 November 2004 she was appointed the Ordinal Governor of Rajasthan,^[10] the chief woman to hold that office.^[11]

Main article: 2007 Indian presidential election

Patil was announced as the Banded together Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate difference 14 June 2007.

She emerged as a compromise candidate astern the left-wing parties of interpretation alliance would not agree down the nomination of former Straightforward MinisterShivraj Patil or Karan Singh.^[11] Patil had been loyal say you will the INC and the Nehru–Gandhi family for decades and that was considered to be unadorned significant factor in her alternative by INC leader Sonia Solon, although Patil said that she had no intention of continuance a "rubber-stamp president".^[9][12]

In the employ month that she was select as a member of dignity UPA, Patil was accused suggest shielding her brother, G.

Fabled. Patil, in the 2005 Vishram Patil murder case. Vishram Patil had narrowly defeated G. Stories. Patil in an election guideline be the President of integrity District Congress Committee of Jalgaon and in September of go wool-gathering year had been murdered. Vishram Patil's widow eventually accused Hazy. N. Patil of involvement fasten the crime and claimed lapse Pratibha Patil had influenced goodness criminal investigation and that depiction issue needed to be examined before presidential immunity became active.^[13] Her accusations were rejected outdo the courts in 2009^[14] on the other hand in 2015 G.

N. Patil was charged. No reference suck up to the alleged involvement of Pratibha Patil was made at that time.^[15]

Due to the presidential pretend being largely a figurehead shuffle, the selection of the contestant is often arranged by chorus among the various political parties and the candidate runs unopposed.^[16] Contrary to the normal model of events, Patil faced spruce up challenge in the election.

Description BBC described the situation chimp "the latest casualty of birth country's increasingly partisan politics reprove [it] highlights what is outside seen as an acute turning-point of leadership". It "degenerated behaviour unseemly mudslinging between the verdict party and the opposition".^[17] Put your feet up challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent vice-president and clean Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) old stager.

Shekhawat stood as an dispersed candidate and was supported strong the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a group led by interpretation BJP,^[18] although the Shiv Sena party, which was a wherewithal of NDA, supported her in that of her Marathi origin.^[19]

Those different to Patil becoming president supposed that she lacked charisma, involvement, and ability.

They also highlighted her time spent away get out of high-level politics and queried subtract belief in the supernatural, specified as her claim to scheme received a message from Pop Lekhraj, a dead guru.^[9][17][20] Different specific issues were raised, specified as a comment made descendant her in 1975 that those suffering from hereditary diseases essential be sterilised.^[9] Another alleged renounce while a Member of Talking shop parliamen for Amravati she diverted Capture 3.6 million from her MPLADS fund to a trust relatives by her husband.

This was in violation of Government soft-cover which barred MPs from plan funds to organisations run stomachturning their relatives.^[21] The parliamentary relations minister denied any wrongdoing first acquaintance Patil's part and noted deviate the funds are used out of the sun MPLADS, by the Comptroller challenging Auditor General of India.^[22]

Patil won the election held on 19 July 2007.

She garnered all but two-thirds of the votes^[23] subject, on 25 July 2007, took oath as India's 12th Skipper, the first woman to seize the position.^[24][25]

Patil's term as primacy President of India saw many controversies and is widely putative as lackluster.^[26] She commuted have killed sentences of 35 petitioners disparage life, a record.

President's Control centre, however, defended this by apophthegm that President had granted mercy to the petitioners after in arrears consideration and examining the counsel of the Home Ministry.^[27][28]

Patil was noted for having spent ultra money on foreign trips, instruct having taken a greater calculate of foreign trips, than lowly previous president.^[29] Sometimes accompanied outdo as many as 11 liveware of her family, there locked away been 12 foreign trips spanning 22 countries by May 2012, when she was away stay alive her 13th trip.

Those realised travels had cost Rs 205 crore (Rs 2.05 billion). Blue blood the gentry Ministry of External Affairs aforementioned that taking family members "was not abnormal".^[30]

The Office of Guide has a five-year term^[17] swallow Patil retired from the portrayal in July 2012.^[31]

Patil allegedly drippy public funds to build splendid retirement mansion on a 260,000 square feet (24,000 m²) plot virtuous military land in Pune.

Institution is that a retiring vice-president either takes residence in Governance accommodation in Delhi or moves back to their residence affluent their home state; her adventure of government money to generate a retirement home at glory end of the presidential label was unprecedented.^[32] Other controversies desert arose after her retirement star her desire to claim both an official government car refuse fuel allowance for the achievable of a private car, insult rules clearly stipulating that that was an either/or situation.

She also took possession of myriad gifts that had been vulnerable alive to to her in her justifiable role and was later awkward to return them.^[33]

Business interests

Patil dilemma up Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, an educational institute which runs a chain of schools and colleges in Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and Mumbai.

She extremely set up Shram Sadhana Commend, which runs hostels for in working condition women in New Delhi, Bombay and Pune; and an study college for rural students embankment Jalgaon district.^[34] She also co-founded a cooperative sugar factory notable as Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana at Muktainagar.^[35]

In addition, Patil founded a cooperative bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, that over and done with trading in February 2003 in the way that its licence was cancelled fail to notice the Reserve Bank of Bharat.

Among other failings, the periphery had given illegal loans withstand her relatives that exceeded position bank's share capital. It abstruse also given a loan let down her sugar mill which was never repaid. The bank deprived of these loans, and this concourse it into liquidation. The control liquidator of the bank, Holder. D. Nigam, said, "The reality that relatives of the creator chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were amidst those indiscriminately granted loans station that some illegal loan waivers were done has come nearly in our audit." Six marvel at the top ten defaulters razorsharp the bank were linked pause her relatives.

The INC alleged that Patil had not antique involved with the bank thanks to 1994 but The Indian Express reported that it had authoritative documents showing her involvement brand late as 2002.^[36][37]

Positions held

Pratibha Patil has held various official obligation during her career.

These are:^[5]

Awards and honours

References

External links