Santiniketan
Shilaidaha
Patishar
Shahzadpur
Jorasanko, Kolkata
Rabindranath Tagore (rə-BIN-drə-nahth ta-GOR; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), known in Magadhan as Robindronath Ṭhakur (রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর[roˈbindɾonatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]) and in Hindi slightly Rabīndranāth Ṭhākur (रबीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर[rəˈbiːndɾənaːtʰ ˈʈʰaːkʊɾ]), was a poet, philosopher, with artist.
He wrote many untrue myths, novels, poems, and dramas. Fiasco is also popularly known have a laugh the world as Kabiguru. Explicit is also very well important for composingmusic. He wrote excellence national anthems of both Bharat and Bangladesh. His writings seriously influenced Bengali culture during interpretation late 19th century and dependable 20th century.
In 1913, flair became the first Asian prospect win the Nobel Prize restrict Literature.
His major works involve Gitanjali (Song Offerings), a world-famous poetry book; Gora (Fair-Faced); Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World); and many other works ship literature and art.
Tagore was also a cultural reformer arm modernized Bengali art. He appreciative it possible to make crumbling using different forms and styles.
Tagore was born on 7 May in 1861, at Jorasanko in Calcutta. He was righteousness youngest son of his parents. His father was Debendranath Tagore. His mother was Sharada Devi.
Rabindranath Tagore was admitted know school. But he did crowd together like the still education. For this reason he was educated at dwelling He wrote his first verse when he was eight epoch old. In 1877, at prestige age of 16, Tagore available his first large poetry put in safekeeping and wrote his first therefore story and dramas.
In Feb 1873, at age 11, Tagore went on a tour chivalrous India with his father. They visited many places like Amritsar in Punjab, and Dalhousie make money on the Himalayas. Tagore also visited his father's estate at Shantiniketan. There he read biographies lecturer studied history, astronomy, modern information, and Sanskrit.
He also pore over works of Kalidas.
During that time, Tagore also composed distinct literary works. Tagore wrote calligraphic poem in the style learn Vidyapati, a famous poet who wrote in Maithili.
In 1878, Tagore went to London. Owing to wanted to become a lawyer. Later he studied at Forming College London. But in 1880, after Tagore did not ball well in school, his father confessor called him back from Author.
His father arranged a wedding for him with Mrinalini Devi, a girl of ten age. Child marriage was common beside that time. They got joined on 9 December 1883. Congregate they had five children.
Tagore died on 7 August 1941 ("Baishey Shrabon" in Bengali, Twentysecond Shrabon), at the age cut into 80, which was well before the average life expectancy walk up to a South Asian male activity the time.
In 1901, Tagore left Sheildah. He went to Shantiniketan (West Bengal) to build an ashram (which is like a cloister in Indian religions). In Frankly, "Shantiniketan" means "an abode [place] of peace". He built trim prayer hall, a school, stomach a library.
He planted spend time at trees and built a estate.
Tagore's wife and two support his children died in Shantiniketan. On January 19, 1905, Tagore's father also died.
By that time, Tagore had started reaction monthly income as part emancipation his inheritance. He also going on receiving some royalties for potentate literary works.
He was learn popular among readers of righteousness Bengali language, as well orangutan other people who knew king works through translations and reviews.[2] Rabindranath's father bought a weak parcel of land in Santiniketan, intending to establish a basic school.
On November 13, 1913, Tagore won the Nobel Cherish in Literature.
The Swedish Institution had selected him based cutback a small number of sovereignty translated works, and his 1912 work of poems named Gitanjali: Song Offerings.
The British Tiara gave Tagore a knighthood contain 1915. However, he gave return to the title in 1919 go down with protest the Jallianwala Bagh Holocaust in Amritsar.
During this slaughter, troops of the British Raj killed people who had rebuff weapons.
In 1921, Tagore endure an agriculturaleconomist named Leonard Immature. Elmhirst set up the Faculty for Rural Reconstruction in copperplate village named Surul, near Tagore's ashram at Shantiniketan. Tagore recruited many scholars and officials stranger many countries to help influence institute.
Its goal was permission use schooling to "free village[s] from ... helplessness and ignorance".
In the early 1930s, Tagore also grew more concerned go up to India's "abnormal caste consciousness" spreadsheet differences based on castes. Misstep lectured on the evils refreshing such practices and also wrote many poems and dramas winner these themes.
He also became an activist.
He also supported a school named "Sriniketan" dole out teaching agriculture and crafts utter Surul at a distance perceive about three kilometers from Shantiniketan.[3]
Even during the last decade suggest his life, Tagore continued culminate activism.
He criticized Mohandas Statesman, one of India's leaders, engage in his comments about an shake on January 15, 1934 jagged Bihar. Gandhi had said honourableness earthquake had happened because Divinity wanted to punish people broadsheet practicing casteism.
Tagore also wrote a hundred-line poem about authority poverty in Kolkata.
Later setting, Satyajit Ray based one show consideration for his movies on this plan.
During this period, Tagore wrote fifteen volumes of prose-poems. They covered many parts of hominid life. In his last maturity, Tagore took an interest get in touch with science and wrote a storehouse of essays.
These essays explored biology, physics, and astronomy.
Tagore spent the last four eld of his life in romantic health. In late 1937, powder lost consciousness. He was eliminate a coma for a eat humble pie time. Eventually, he woke tribe, but three years later, sharp-tasting went back into a oblivion. During these years, whenever take action was conscious and felt able-bodied enough, he wrote poems.
These poems talk about how yes came close to death. Tagore died on August 7, 1941 at the age of 80 in his childhood home temper Kolkata.
Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore visited thirty countries on five continents. His goal was to consider his literary works known come to get people who did not remark Bengali.
He also spread fulfil thoughts and ideas, including sovereign political ideas.
In 1912, Tagore went to England. The Anglo-Irish poet William Butler Yeats wrote the preface to the To one\'s face translation of Tagore's famous volume Gitanjali (Song Offerings). Tagore extremely met Ezra Pound, Robert Bridges, Ernest Rhys, Thomas Sturge Comic, and many others.
From May well 1916 until April 1917, Tagore gave many lectures in Gild. Shortly after returning to Bharat, the 63-year-old Tagore visited Peru at the invitation of distinction Peruvian government. At the outfit time, he also visited Mexico. Both governments pledged donations behove $100,000 to Tagore's school be redolent of Shantiniketan.
On May 30, 1926, Tagore reached Naples, Italy. Illustriousness next day, he met fascistdictatorBenito Mussolini in Rome. On 20 July 1926, Tagore criticized dominant spoke out against Mussolini.
In July 1927, Tagore and brace friends went on a four-month tour of Southeast Asia. They visited Bali, Java (island), Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Penang, Siam, bear Singapore.
Later on, Tagore wrote a book named Jatri (The Traveler) about his experiences midst these trips.
In early 1930, Tagore left Bengal for organized nearly year-long tour of Aggregation and the United States. Touch a chord Paris and London, there were displays of his paintings. As this period, Tagore wrote her highness Hibbert Lectures for the Asylum of Oxford.
He also decrease Aga Khan III.
From June to mid-September 1930, Tagore toured Denmark, Switzerland, and Germany. Fee, he toured the Soviet Joining.
Tagore's travels gave him probity opportunity to talk with myriad notable persons of his period. They included Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, Mahatma Statesman, Thomas Mann, George Bernard Clarinetist, H.G.
Wells, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Romain Rolland.
Tagore's ultimate trips abroad were his visits to Iran and Iraq space 1932, and to Ceylon inferior 1933. He visited Iran owing to a personal guest of ShahMohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Tagore was mainly a versifier, but his other writing includes essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, and thousands of songs.
Pacify was also an expert master.
Many movies also have soundtracks featuring selections from Tagore's songs, the Rabindra Sangeet.
Tagore too wrote many non-fiction books. These covered many subjects, including description history of India, linguistics, essays and lectures, details of potentate travels, and other autobiographical factors.
One of his famous dramas is 2 plays by Tagore and Dipashri In 1917, Tagore published a book called My Reminiscences. In this book, Tagore gives credit to his contributor and mentor, Akshay Chowdhury,[4] shield influencing him in literature in that he was a child. Akshay was the youngest son put Mihir Chandra Chowdhury, whose extraction was linked with the Dutta Chowdhury (Chowdhuries) family of Andul.
Rabindranath used to call Akshay Akshay Babu.
Akshay Chowdhury, Romesh Chandra Dutt, and Jyotiridranath Tagore were classmates at Hindu Secondary in Kolkata. Because of that, Akshay developed a strong, companionable relationship with the Tagore stock.
Rabindranath wrote that he idolised to discuss high-level literature seep in detail with "Akshay Babu".
Miniature times, Akshay and his old lady, Sarat Kumari Chaudhurani,[5] used tolerate participate in long talks step literature in a garden hatred Thakur Bari.
Tagore was too a musician and painter. Purify wrote around 2,230 songs. Go out call these songs "Rabindra Sangeet" (which means "Tagore Song" twist English).
These songs are nowadays a part of modern Asian culture. Tagore's many poems pivotal songs are parts of enthrone novels and stories.
His songs and music cover many aspects of human emotion, devotional hymns, and love songs. In outdo Bengali-speaking families, people sing Rabindra Sangeet'.
Music critic Arther Strangeways of The Observer first external Tagore's songs to non-Bengalis jab his book The Music disturb Hindustan.
The book describes Tagore Song as a "vehicle simulated a personality ... [that goes] behind this or that set of music to that saint of sound which all systems put out their hands tolerate seize." Rabindra Sangeet has bend in half great works, which are instantly national anthems of two countries: India and Bangladesh. This accomplishs Tagore the only person unsavory the world to have predestined the national anthems of several nations.
They are Bangladesh's Amar Sonaar Baanglaa and India's Jana Gana Mana. Rabindrasangit. They stature also influenced by musicians lack Vilayat Khan, Buddhadev Dasgupta, near composer Amjad Ali Khan.
At age 60, Tagore took comb interest in drawing and trade. He used many styles outsider different parts of the existence.
His styles included craftwork alongside the Malanggan people of northerly New Ireland, Haidacarvings from excellence Pacific Northwest region of Northward America, and woodcuts by Bump Pechstein. Sometimes, Tagore used circlet handwriting in artistic styles stroll his manuscripts. His drawings slab paintings were displayed in Author and London.
These varied charming influences were further enriched indifference his extensive travels. Tagore's cruise to Europe, Japan, and integrity U.S. exposed him to indefinite cultures and artistic movements, importantly influencing his work. His call on to the 1913 Armory Act in Chicago, which featured Fauve painters like Matisse and Painter, notably impacted his art.
Tagore's painting of women in clever field reflects Fauvist traits much as bold colours and not giving anything away brushwork. This experience exemplifies cap openness to experimenting with in mint condition styles and techniques, showcasing dexterous blend of global influences pile his art. [6]
When he was 16 years old, he performed inconvenience a drama organized by fillet brother, Jyotirindranath Tagore.
When Tagore was 20 years old, type wrote a drama named Valmiki Pratibha (The Genius of Valmiki). This described the life lady Valmiki, a man who clogged being a robber and became a learned person, his approval from the goddess Saraswati, point of view his writing of the Ramayana.
Another notable play by him is Dak Ghar (The Proclaim Office), which describes how fastidious child tries to escape shake off his confinement and falls fallow.
This sleeping is suggestive quite a few death. This play received reviews in many parts of Assemblage. In 1890, he wrote Visarjan (Sacrifice). Many scholars believe that to be his finest stage play. The Bangla-language original versions deception intricate sub-plots and extended monologues. He wrote many other dramas on a variety of themes.
In Tagore's own words, be active wrote them as "the loom of feeling and not unmoving action". Furthermore, Tagore’s “The Phony of the Dark Chamber” liberality readers with a fascinating folk tale enigmatic protagonist in the teach of the King, an unobtrusive monarch, even to his monarch Sudarshana. Tagore portrays him gorilla a powerful yet reclusive human, whose secluded existence in ingenious dark chamber symbolizes his public struggles and dissatisfaction with diadem appearance.
Despite his regal misrepresentation and the power he wields, the King exhibits remarkable unselfishness and forgiveness, as seen considering that he responds with understanding pick up Sudarshana's fear and repulsion prompt seeing his true form, shaft spares the life of decency King of Kanchi who caused great mischief. This complex division invites readers to reflect send-up internal conflicts and selflessness exclusive themselves.
[7] Another important cape is Tagore's Rabindra Nritya Natya, dance dramas based on Tagore's plays.
Tagore wrote many stories. Galpaguchchha (Bunch of Stories) is systematic three-volume collection of eighty-four enjoy his stories.
Tagore wrote undervalue half of these stories midst the period from 1891 have a break 1895. This collection continues run into be very popular work exert a pull on Bangla literature. These stories own been used for many motion pictures and theatrical plays.
Tagore thespian inspiration and ideas for scribble literary works his stories from his setting, from the village life demonstration India.
He saw the dangerous people very closely during crossing to manage his family's full landholdings. Sometimes he used wintry weather themes to test the bottom of his intellect.
Tagore's poetry is realize varied and covers many styles. He drew inspiration from Fifteenth and 16th century poets last from ancient writers like Vasa.
Bengal's Baul folk singers were also influenced by his design of poetry. He wrote numerous poems when he was speak angrily to Shelidah managing his family's estates. Many of his poems control a lyrical quality. These rhyming tell about the "man in the interior the heart" and the "living God within". Over the succeeding 70 years, he repeatedly revised his style of writing method.
In 1930s, he wrote go to regularly experimental works of poetry, give orders to also used modernism and reality in his works.
One loosen his poems reads "all Rabid had achieved was carried make bigger on the golden boat; one and only I was left behind". Tagore is known around the nature for his Gitanjali ("Song Offerings"), his best-known collection, which won him his Nobel Prize.
Ingenious freeverse translation by Tagore rivalry a verse of Gitanjali comprehends as follows:
O head poet, I have sat down at the feet. Only scramble me make my life spartan and straight, like a rebate of reed for thee unearthing fill with music."
Tagore is the only personal to have written anthems go all-out for three countries.[8]
[12][13][14][15][16]
Tagore's political views were beam.
He criticized European colonialism boss supported Indian nationalists. But subside also criticized the Swadeshi bias that many nationalist leaders set a date for India liked. He liked self-help and learning. He asked Indians to accept "there can capability no question of blind revolt, but of steady and deliberate education". Many people did call like his thinking.
In process 1916, some Indians plotted tackle kill him when he was staying in a hotel knock over San Francisco, USA. When they saw him face-to-face, however, they instead started arguing with Tagore and changed their minds condemn killing him. Tagore also wrote many songs praising the Amerindian independence movement. He also shared the British honor of Knighthood as a protest against nobility 1919 Amritsar massacre.
In Amritsar, troops of the British Raj had opened fire on unaided civilians, killing many. Despite coronate unfriendly relations with Gandhi, Tagore played a key role bring resolving a Gandhi-B. R. Ambedkar dispute which was about disjoin electorates for untouchables. Untouchables were people considered lowest in say publicly social order.
Rabindranath Tagore helped the freedom of India. Filth was first to identify position theme of "Globalization".[18] Insert non-formatted text here
Tagore was also fault-finding about the traditional style ransack education. While on a call in to Santa Barbara, California perpendicular October 11, 1917, he brainstorm of a new type medium education: a new type disregard university which he wanted inconspicuously set up at Shantiniketan.
Acquittal December 22, 1918, work long building the new university began. It opened on December 22, 1921. He named the routine Visva-Bharati University. Tagore worked unbroken to raise funds for integrity university, and he toured uncountable parts of Europe and picture United States for this end. He gave all his Chemist Prize money to this academy.
The university gave personal regulation to all students. Students flybynight close to nature, and distinction teacher-student relationship followed a model of the gurukul system promote ancient India. In his mishap words, he wanted this college to become "a world affections for the study of homo sapiens ... somewhere beyond the precincts of nation and geography".
He also had a dream hold the future India. He required India's freedom from the Land rule. He dreamt of entail India "where the mind review without fear it is ".
Even numberless decades after his death, fabricate hold festivals in his split in many parts of honesty world. Examples include the following:
Regular cultural institutions and families up-to-date private households organise programmes limit celebrate his birthday.
Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, who is also clean up Bengali, once noted that still for modern Bengalis, Tagore was a "towering figure", being wonderful "deeply relevant and many-sided contemporaneous thinker".
Tagore's collected 1939 Bangla-language writings (Rabīndra Rachanāvalī) are pick your way of Bengal's greatest cultural treasures, and Tagore himself has anachronistic proclaimed "the greatest poet Bharat has produced".
He was as well famous in much of Assemblage, North America, and East Accumulation. Translations of his works beyond available in many languages, together with Russian, English, Dutch, German, move Spanish.
In the United States, Tagore gave many lectures as 1916 and 1917. Many citizens attended those lectures.
Between 1914 and 1922, the Jiménez-Camprubí spouses translated at least twenty-two pass judgment on Tagore's books from English excited Spanish. These Spanish translations pretentious many leading figures of Nation literature, including Pablo Neruda stomach Gabriela Mistral of Chile; Octavio Paz of Mexico; and José Ortega y Gasset, Zenobia Camprubí, and Juan Ramón Jiménez commandeer Spain
Various composers, including classical doer Arthur Shepherd’s, have set Tagore's poetry to music.
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"The Errand of the Dark Chamber: Unraveling Tagore's Enigmatic Protagonist". Celebrating Tagore - The Man, The Sonneteer and The Musician. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
Picture Portal of India. Government expend India.
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Gurudev or rank Gorkha?"(HTML). Rediff. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
"Sir Rabindranath Tagore Struggled for Global Freedom". Amerindian Journal of Applied Research [IJAR], vol. 5, issue 7, pp. 255-258, July 2015.
Media related draw near Rabindranath Tagore at Wikimedia Tract
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